Making Your Python 2 input() compatible with Python 3 :. Therefore, whatever entered to stdin are interpreted as string in Python 3. And, functionality of input() from Python 2 exists no more in Python 3. So, in Python 3, input() serves what raw_input() was serving in Python 2. To avoid this, in Python 3, the functionality of input() has been removed and raw_input() has been renamed to input(). Therefore, while using input() in Python 2, we have to be careful about the type of the argument being provided to stdin. It would have worked if I would have declared a variable ‘Ferrero’, as shown in below :-īut, when we passed the name with quote, python interpreter itself understood it as a string argument. In the next, while only the first name is entered without quotes, interpreter assumes it as variable name and searches for the variable named ‘Ferrero’, but could not find any. Because of space, python interpreter assumes both the names as two separate string, whereas input() expects a single argument from stdin, hence error while parsing the argument.
So, when I provided my full name to input(), from the traceback, it is clear, name was parsed as string, but failed because of space between name and surname. The input() method, does the evaluation of the given arguments to corresponding data types, which was not the case of raw_input(). But, when used input(), the arguments are taken as string format and are evaluated. This shows, whatever may be the argument in stdin, raw_input() will always return a string. But, why the error in previous two cases? Any guess? If you look into the body of the two methods :-Įquivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt)). But, while I passed the name inside the quotation mark, it ran fine. Next, when I entered first name only, it shown NameError. In the first case, while I entered the full name, it thrown Synta圎rror. But, in case of input(), the game changes. In the above code, while used raw_input(), as always, the type is of string. The provided integer still remains as an integer, while we used input(). As, you can see, the data type of the arguments to stdin is preserved while used input(). But, this is not the same, when it comes to input(). Be your input an integer, while passed to raw_input(), it will be stored as a string (as shown in the above case). > type(a) # input() preserves the original type, no conversionįrom above snippet, while raw_input() is used, it accepts everything given to stdin as a string.
> type(a) # raw_input() converts your int to string
Let’s try to understand the same using following code snippet. Therefore, before doing the changes, I had to dig in to the basic difference between these two methods. In Python 2, both raw_input() as well as input() are available for taking user input in runtime. Whereever I had used input() in Python 2 those started failing in Python 3. Out of those changes, parsing command line arguments was one. I realized, to achieve the same, I have to do a lot of changes. Sudo venv/bin/python xbox_controller.Recently, while re-visiting my older programs (written in Python 2.7), I thought of making them Python 3 compatible. To run a python program as sudo within a virtual environment, you need to specify the python executable in the virtualenv folder: It needs the common arguments used to configure the SDK and connect to a Spot:ġ) The example needs to be run as sudo. This example follows the common pattern for expected arguments. To exit the virtual environment, run deactivate Run the example using instructions in the next section
Install dependencies: python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt To install this example on Ubuntu 18.04 and Windows, follow these instructions:Ĭreate virtual environment as described in this MacOS: This example is not supported on MacOS. The XInput package officially supports Xbox360 controllers, but newer controllers also work with this example on Windows. Windows: On Windows, the example uses XInput-Python package, which is automatically installed with the pip command below.
The xboxdrv driver supports only Xbox360 controllers. Ubuntu: On Ubuntu 18.04, the example uses the xboxdrv driver to communicate with the controller, so please install the driver by executing: This example has external dependencies to communicate with an XBox controller, and those dependencies are OS-specific. That will help you get your Python programmingĮnvironment setup properly. The button mapping is: Button Combinationįor your best learning experience, please use the Quickstart Guideįound in the SDK’s docs/python directory. The example was tested with an Xbox 360 wired controller. Xbox Controller example allows users to control a Spot robot through an Xbox controller. Controlling the Robot with an Xbox Controller ¶